A seborrheic keratosis, also known as seborrheic verruca, basal cell papilloma, or a senile wart, is a non-cancerous (benign) skin tumour that originates from cells in the outer layer of the skin (keratinocytes). Like liver spots, seborrheic keratoses are seen more often as people age.
The tumours (also called lesions) appear in various colours, from light tan to black. They are round or oval, feel flat or slightly elevated, like the scab from a healing wound, and range in size from very small to more than 2.5 centimetres (1 in) across. They can often come in association with other skin conditions, including basal cell carcinoma. Sometimes seborrheic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma occur at the same location, and sometimes seborrheic keratosis progresses to basal cell carcinoma. At clinical examination the differential diagnosis includes warts and melanoma. Because only the top layers of the epidermis are involved, seborrheic keratoses are often described as having a "pasted on" appearance. Some dermatologists refer to seborrheic keratoses as "seborrheic warts", because they resemble warts, but strictly speaking the term "warts" refers to lesions that are caused by human papillomavirus.
Video Seborrheic keratosis
Classification
Seborrheic keratoses may be divided into the following types:
- Common seborrheic keratosis (basal cell papilloma, solid seborrheic keratosis)
- Reticulated seborrheic keratosis (adenoid seborrheic keratosis)
- Stucco keratosis (digitate seborrheic keratosis, hyperkeratotic seborrheic keratosis, serrated seborrheic keratosis, verrucous seborrheic keratosis) -- Often are light brown to off-white. Pinpoint to a few millimeters in size. Often found on the distal tibia, ankle, and foot.
- Clonal seborrheic keratosis
- Irritated seborrheic keratosis (inflamed seborrheic keratosis)
- Seborrheic keratosis with squamous atypia
- Melanoacanthoma (pigmented seborrheic keratosis)
- Dermatosis papulosa nigra--Commonly found among adult dark-skinned individuals, presents on the face as small benign papules from a pinpoint to a few millimeters in size.
- Inverted follicular keratosis
Maps Seborrheic keratosis
Cause
The cause of seborrheic keratosis is not known.
Diagnosis
Visual diagnosis is made by the "stuck on" appearance, horny pearls or cysts embedded in the structure. Darkly pigmented lesions can be challenging to distinguish from nodular melanomas. Furthermore, thin seborrheic keratoses on facial skin can be very difficult to differentiate from lentigo maligna even with dermatoscopy. Clinically, epidermal nevi are similar to seborrheic keratoses in appearance. Epidermal nevi are usually present at or near birth. Condylomas and warts can clinically resemble seborrheic keratoses, and dermatoscopy can be helpful. On the penis and genital skin, condylomas and seborrheic keratoses can be difficult to differentiate, even on biopsy.
A study examining over 4000 biopsied skin lesions identified as seborrheic keratoses showed 3.1% were malignancies. Two-thirds of those were squamous cell carcinoma.
To date, the gold standard in the diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis is represented by the histolopathologic analysis of a skin biopsy.
Treatment
No treatment of seborrheic keratoses is necessary, except for aesthetic reasons. Since a slightly increased risk of localized infection caused by picking at the lesion has been described, if a lesion becomes itchy or irritated by clothing or jewelry, a surgical excision is generally recommended.
Small lesions can be treated with light electrocautery. Larger lesions can be treated with electrodesiccation and curettage, shave excision, or cryosurgery. When correctly performed, removal of seborrheic keratoses will not cause much visible scarring except in persons with dark skin tones.
Epidemiology
Seborrheic keratosis is the most common benign skin tumor. Incidence increases with age. There is less prevalence in people with darker skin. In large-cohort studies, 100% of the patients over age 50 had at least one seborrheic keratosis. Onset is usually in middle age, although they are common in younger patients too--found in 12% of 15-year-olds to 25-year-olds--making the term "senile keratosis" a misnomer.
See also
- The sign of Leser-Trélat
References
External links
- DermAtlas 185
Source of article : Wikipedia
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